On the 17th of October 2023, YUVA Mauritius actively participated in a pivotal working session focused on the “Finalisation of the Updated National Oil Spill Contingency Plan (NOSCP) of the Republic of Mauritius” at the Hennessy Park Hotel, Ebene.

The event carried immense significance, given its mission to raise awareness among various stakeholders about their crucial roles and responsibilities in case of oil spill incidents. The primary objective of these sessions was to ensure that the plan, in its updated form, is user-friendly and comprehensive in its guidelines.

In attendance were a diverse group of organisations, including non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and voluntary associations, which shared a collective commitment to safeguarding the environment and marine ecosystems around Mauritius. Together, these organisations embarked on a comprehensive examination of the NOSCP, focusing on assessing the clarity and effectiveness of their roles outlined within the plan.

The goal was to facilitate a coordinated response in case an oil spill occurs, thus minimising environmental damage and protecting the local communities that depend on these ecosystems.

The evolving National Oil Spill Contingency Plan (NOSCP)

The NOSCP has a rich history, dating back to its first production in 1990. It underwent an update in 2003 and 2021 following the Wakashio oil spill off the coast of Mauritius. This environmental disaster underscored the pressing need to strengthen the NOSCP, making it more robust, adaptable, and resilient in such crises.

The revised plan draws from lessons learned and aligns with modern best practices and international standards for oil spill response, aiming to safeguard the island’s precious natural resources.

The NOSCP employs a tiered response system based on the quantity of oil spilt. The response focuses on local containment in Tier 1 (less than 10 tonnes). Tier 2 (10-100 tonnes) involves a regional effort with specialised resources. Tier 3 (above 100 tonnes) activates a national response, addressing extensive environmental and socio-economic impacts.

In Tier 3, international assistance may also be required to manage the scale of the incident. This structured approach ensures a precise and efficient response to oil spill incidents, preserving the island’s environment and economy.

Vulnerability of Mauritius and the importance of coordination

Mauritius, positioned at the crossroads of maritime traffic between Asia and Africa, is inherently vulnerable to oil spills. The passage of numerous vessels through its waters makes such incidents a likelihood. Recognising this reality, the National Plan places a strong emphasis on coordination.

Indeed, coordination is vital in ensuring that the right decisions are made among stakeholders during the crucial moments following an oil spill. It enables a comprehensive response to mitigate the potential environmental and economic fallout.

Understanding the impact of oil spills on the environment

The environmental effects of oil spills are a complex and multifaceted issue that demands a comprehensive understanding of various critical factors. To truly appreciate the consequences of such disasters, we must dive into the following pivotal points, each of which significantly influences the severity and extent of the damage:

1. Location: The geographical location of an oil spill is of paramount importance. The repercussions can vary substantially depending on whether the incident occurs in a sensitive sea area. Sensitive areas, such as coastal zones, coral reefs, or wildlife habitats, are far more vulnerable to the devastating effects of oil pollution. The impacted region’s ecological significance and proximity to human communities also play a crucial role in determining the severity of the disaster.
2. Weather Conditions: Weather is a critical factor that can exacerbate or mitigate the impact of an oil spill. The direction and strength of the wind are of particular significance. Wind blowing towards the land can push the oil slick closer to coastal areas, resulting in immediate and severe harm to the environment and local communities. Conversely, winds pushing the oil out to sea might allow for a more contained and controlled response.
3. Water Currents: The flow and direction of water currents are integral to understanding the spread of an oil spill. Knowing where the current carries the oil is vital in predicting which areas will be most affected. In some cases, currents can help disperse and dilute the oil, potentially minimising harm. However, in others, they can carry the spill into ecologically sensitive regions, amplifying the damage.
4. Type of Oil: The toxicity and behaviour of the spilt oil vary greatly depending on its composition. Different types of oil, such as diesel or heavy fuel oil, exhibit contrasting characteristics. For instance, diesel tends to evaporate relatively quickly, which can reduce the immediate harm to aquatic life and ecosystems. In contrast, heavy fuel oil persists for extended periods, leading to more prolonged and severe environmental consequences.
5. Quantity of Spilled Oil: The volume of oil discharged during a spill is a critical variable that directly impacts the scale of the disaster – the more significant the quantity, the greater the environmental impact. A small spill can be contained and cleaned up relatively quickly, while a massive release of oil can overwhelm response efforts and lead to widespread ecological devastation.

The crucial role of NGOs and Voluntary Associations

The workshop’s outcomes have brought to the forefront the pivotal and multifaceted role NGOs and voluntary associations play in both the pre- and post-oil spill scenarios. Their contributions are instrumental in strengthening the resilience of communities and ecosystems in the face of this environmental challenge.

Before an oil spill occurs, these organisations are well-positioned to invest in proactive measures, such as training and awareness campaigns, through platforms like social media. By educating the public and preparing them for potential oil spill incidents, NGOs and associations empower communities to respond effectively and responsibly.

These initiatives enhance disaster preparedness and offer a unique opportunity to generate economic benefits, particularly for traditionally marginalised groups, such as women and youth. Training and awareness programs can provide employment and empowerment, contributing to the community’s economic development.

In the aftermath of an oil spill, the vital role of NGOs and associations continues. Their expertise and community connections are valuable assets in responding to the environmental crisis. They actively engage in environmental clean-up efforts, provide essential humanitarian aid to affected individuals and communities, extend support to those in need, and participate in the complex ecosystem restoration process. These organisations facilitate post-disaster recovery as a bridge between affected communities and resources, rebuilding human lives and damaged ecosystems.

Nicole Marchetti, MA International Relations - Communications Officer (YUVA STEM Education Projects)